Tag: Philosophy

Leibniz’s proposed variant, often referred to as “by the contingency” cosmological argument, is enjoying some resurgence in popularity these days. Championed by contemporary philosophers like Alexander Pruss and Joshua Rasmussen, it is based on the distinction between the contingent and … Read More

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Marx, observer of the evolution of human societies The concept of social class was not invented by Karl Marx. It was used by the founders of political economy (Adam Smith…) and in the tradition of French political history (Alexis de … Read More

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(For simplicity, Plato’s idealism is often contrasted with Aristotle’s alleged empiricism, as evidenced by the gesture of each of the two philosophers in this detail of a fresco by Raphael.) In 1702, the German philosopher Leibniz coined the term idealism … Read More

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The constituents of language At the base of the syntax of the calculus of propositions are the propositional variables or atomic propositions, denoted by p, q, etc., which generally constitute a countable infinite set. The second basic constituents of the … Read More

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Kant (Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).) Kant is said to have given aesthetics its autonomy as a proper domain of art, but in reality autonomy concerns only the “aesthetic subject” and is related to knowledge and morals. Transcendental aesthetics in the Critique … Read More

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The intentionality of the mind Originating in medieval scholasticism, it was with Franz Brentano at the end of the 19th century that the theme of intentionality began to become central in philosophy. It was taken up in the 20th century … Read More

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Science is both the statement of hypotheses concerning the nature of the world, and the verification of these theories as adequate to reality according to an experimental method, which differs according to the fields. What are the origin and the … Read More

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According to André Lalande’s Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie, there would be in the use of the words “real”, “reality”, “two great concepts originally distinct, but today mixed so closely that one cannot, most often, make the distinction”: … Read More

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Principles The philosophy of law analyzes the fundamental questions of law. It deals with his nature and his conceptions of justice. It is interested in the genesis of norms and rights, as well as the foundations of their validity. The … Read More

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Anti-speciesism For supporters of antispeciesism (philosophical and political movement opposed to speciesism), speciesism is a reprehensible ideology, and an “animal liberation movement” is necessary to put an end to the exploitation of animals. For antispeciesists, “speciesism can be defined as … Read More

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