Dictionaries

A contested science Immanuel Kant asserts, in the introduction to his Prolegomena: “since the origin of metaphysics, however far its history goes back, nothing has happened that could have been more decisive for the destinies of this science than the … Read More

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(Zombies as portrayed in the movie Night of the Living Dead, direction and cinematography by George A. Romero) In philosophy of the mind, a “zombie” (philosophical zombie or p-zombie) designates a being physically and externally indistinguishable from a conscious being, … Read More

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Complementarity between analytical and synthetic methods The study and understanding of phenomena, for example biological, requires the use of different scientific methods of research and reflection. The two major scientific methods, complementary, are reductionist analysis and systemic transdisciplinary synthesis. Reductionist … Read More

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Features Vote In a representative system, voting is a mode of designation and not a transfer of responsibility. Elected officials derive their legitimacy from the delegation of sovereignty to their electors since the latter then no longer have any means … Read More

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The appeal to design or teleological argument postulates that there are ends in nature, which implies the existence of an intelligent principle, orderer of the world, that is to say of a Creator. This is the classic argument of natural … Read More

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An original conception of philosophy For several reasons, pragmatism has long passed, especially in Europe, for a non-philosophy or for an “American redneck”. First of all, pragmatism is an active philosophy that does not seek truth through intellectualism alone. Its … Read More

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Schelling and the “philosophy of identity” (Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling.) At the very end of the 18th century, Friedrich W. J. Schelling, a young German philosopher claiming to be first of Fichte, wrote a series of works which influenced … Read More

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Ideas Aspect, form or structure that makes visible, shows the reality of a thing, represents for the Platonic philosophers an intelligible form, subtracted from becoming. Aristotle, who questions his ontological status, opposes the separate character of the idea that Plato … Read More

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Wittgenstein and conceptual art (The Wittgenstein House (Haus Wittgenstein), Vienna, designed by Ludwig Wittgenstein himself and the architect Paul Engelmann, a pupil of Adolf Loos.) Ludwig Wittgenstein can be considered one of the founders of analytic aesthetics, his predecessors within … Read More

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