Category: Philosophy

Christmas characters and food, Christmas-linked holidays and music, Santa Claus and traditions. Related to Annunciation, Incarnation; Crucifixion; Advent, the four weeks preceding Christmas; and the period between the day after Thanksgiving and the Sunday after New Year”s Day, the American holiday season.

Christmas
– Contents
– History
– – Origin of holiday
– – Medieval Christmas and related winter festivals
– – The Reformation and modern times
– The Nativity
– Other dates of celebration
– Regional customs and celebrations
– – Santa Claus and other bringers of gifts
– – – Timing of gifts
– – Declaration of Christmas Peace
– – Decorations
– – Social aspects and entertainment
– – Christmas carol media
– Christmas in the arts and media
– Economics of Christmas
– See also
– References
Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
Christmas Seal
Christmas creep
Christmas in the media
– Christmas movies and videos
– Television and Christmas
– Christmas on the radio
Christmas season
– See also
Festive ecology
– Contents
– Christmas
– Dressing the Arbor Tree, Aston-on-Clun, Shropshire, England
– References
– Further reading
Happy Holiday(s)
Nativity Fast
Nine Lessons and Carols
– Contents
– King’s College, Cambridge
– Order of Service
– External link
Noel
– See also
– References
SantaCon
– Contents
– Santarchy around the world
– Santarchy and the law
– In popular culture
Secret Santa
– A typical Secret Santa
– Variation: Thieving Secret Santa
– References in popular culture
Secularization of Christmas
– Contents
– Incorporating secular or pagan elements into Christmas
– – Protestantism
– – 19th century
– – Early 20th century
– Claims of Christmas censorship
– – Contemporary United States
– See also
– Organizations
– References
– Notes
White Christmas
Xmas
Christmas characters
Santa Claus
– Contents
– Overview
– Historical origins
– Santa Claus in popular culture
– – Santa Claus rituals
– – Ho, ho, ho
– – Santa Claus reindeers’ name
– – Santa Claus on film
– Christian opposition to Santa Claus
– See also
– References
Origins of Santa Claus
– Contents
– – Ancient Christian origins
– – Germanic folklore
– – Modern origins
– – American origins
– – Other possible origins
– See also
Santa Claus rituals
– Contents
– – Christmas Eve rituals
– – Letter writing
– – Websites and e-mail
– – Songs
– – “Santa Claus” in shopping malls
Santa Claus on film
– Contents
– – Origins in film
– – Questioning and believing
– – Santa as a hero
– – Succession of Santas
– – Impostor Santas
Christmas gift-bringers around the world
– Contents
– Christmas gift-bringers around the world
– – Europe and North America
– – Latin America
– – East Asia
– – Central Asia
– – Africa and the Middle East
– – Oceania
Biblical Magi
– Contents
– The nature of the magi
– – Names
– – Tombs
– The gifts of the magi
– Herod
– The birthplace
– – The star of Bethlehem
– – The Bethlehem prophecy
– Religious significance
– – Traditions of the Epiphany
– The Magi depicted in art
– See also
– Cultural References
– References
Caganer
Christkind
– See also
Companions of Saint Nicholas
– Contents
– Appearance
– Tales
– Traditions
– Historical accounts
– Modern perspective
– Controversy
– References
– Literature
Ded Moroz
– Contents
– History
– Regional differences
– – ex-USSR
– – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro
– – Slovenia
– – Poland
– – Germany
– – Tatar
– See also
– References
Dzied Maroz
– See also
Elf
– Contents
– Characteristics of Traditional Elves
– – Elves in Norse mythology
– – Scandinavian elves
– – German elves
– – English elves
– Modern elves
– – Elves at Christmas
– – Elves in modern fantasy
– – Elves in psychedelic experience
– References
– See also
Father Christmas
– References
– See also
Joulupukki
– Trivia
– Joulupukki’s Dark Side?
– See also
Julemanden
Kris Kringle
– Related uses
La Befana
Mos Gerila
– References
Mr. Bingle
– History
– Mr. Bingle in Tennessee
Mrs. Claus
– Contents
– Origin of Mrs. Claus
– Depictions in popular media
– – Movies
– – Television
– See also
Saint Nicholas
– Contents
– Nicholas the clergyman
– – Bishop Nicholas at the First Ecumenical Council
– – Abduction of his relics
– The face of the historical saint
– Deeds and miracles attributed to Saint Nicholas
– Formal veneration of the saint
– In iconography
– Saint Nicholas the festive gift-giver
– – Celebration in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary and Luxembourg
– – Celebration in the Netherlands
– – Celebration in Belgium
– – Celebration in France
– – Celebration in Portugal
– – Benjamin Britten cantata
– Metamorphosis in Demre
– See also
Olentzero
– Appearance
Pere Noel
Santa Claus’ reindeer
– Contents
– Origins
– The reindeer
– – Original eight
– – – Sleigh order
– – – Descriptions
– – – Meaning of names
– – Additional reindeer since the writing of the poem
– – – Rudolph (the red-nosed reindeer)
– – – Robbie (Rudolph’s son)
– – – Olive, the Other Reindeer
– See also
– References
Tio de Nadal
– See also
Tomte
– Contents
– Appearance
– Temperament
– The heathen tomte
– Similar folklore
– The modern tomte
– See also
– References
– External link
Yule Goat
– See also
Yule Lads
Christmas movie
– List of Christmas movies
– Movies set during the Christmas season
Christmas television special
– American television
– British television
– Examples of American Christmas television specials
Christmas food
– Contents
– Belgium
– Canada
– Czech Republic
– Denmark
– Finland
– France
– Germany
– Italy
– Japan
– Lithuania
– New Zealand
– Norway
– Poland
– Serbia
– Spain
– Sweden
– United Kingdom
– United States
– Venezuela
Bebinca
– External link
Bethmannchen
Brandy butter
– Description
– Trivia
Bredela
Buche de Noel
Bunuelo
Bunuelos
Candy cane
– Urban legends about the origin of candy canes
– Other uses
Cesnica
Christmas cake
– Christmas cake in other countries
– References
Christmas cookies
– See also
Christmas ham
Christmas pudding
– Contents
– Basics
– The wish and other traditions
– After Christmas
– See also
Cranberry sauce
– Cranberry Trivia
Eggnog
Folar
Fritule
Fruitcake
– Contents
– History
– Fruitcake in popular culture
– See also
Ganzeltopf
Gingerbread
Glogg
Hallaca
– Contents
– Origins
– Tradition
– Preparation
– Culture
– Notes
Joulupoyta
Julmust
Kalach
– Ukrainian tradition
Knack
– Recipe
Kutia
– General recipe
Lebkuchen
Lefse
Lutefisk
– Contents
– General
– – Preparation
– – Cooking
– – Eating
– Origin
– – Inception
– – Traces in literature
– Misconception of Norwegians and lutefisk
– Lutefisk humor
– Other
– Spellings
– Notes
Marzipan
– Contents
– Recipe
– History
– Etymology
– Trivia
Mince pie
– Contents
– Description
– History
– Folklore and Traditions
– Variations
– Trivia
– References
– Notes
Mincemeat tart
Mulled wine
– See also
Oplatek
Pandoro
– History
Panettone
– Contents
– Origins
– Panettone leaves Italy
Pfeffernusse
Pinnekjott
Pio Quinto
Portuguese sweet bread
– See also
Queso de bola
– See also
Reveillon
– Food
– Differences
Rice pudding
– Types of Rice Pudding
– – East Asia
– – South Asia
– – Middle East
– – Europe
– – Latin America
– – North America
– History
– Rice pudding in folklore
– Rice pudding in literature
Romeritos
Rum ball
– Recipe
Rumtopf
Smalahove
– How to eat smalahove
Sorpotel
Spritzgeback
Stollen
– Contents
– History
– Stollen today
– See also
Sugar plum
– The Sugar Plum Tree
– References
Szaloncukor
Tamale
– Contents
– Tamales in Latin America
– Tamales in the United States
– Tamales in the Caribbean
Tourtiere
– Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
Trifle
Turron
Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper
Vanillekipferl
Wassail
– Contents
– History
– Recipes
– Other uses and similarities
Yule log
Christmas-linked holidays
Black Friday
– Contents
– Origin
– Response (Buy Nothing Day)
– Workers
– Controversy
– See also
Boxing Day
– Contents
– Origins
– Commonwealth observance
– European observance
– Canadian observance
– Trivia
– References
Boxing Week
Chrismahanukwanzakah
– See also
Chrismukkah
– See also
Christmas Eve
– Declaration of Christmas Peace
– See also
Christmas Sunday
Distaff day
Epiphany
– Contents
– Epiphany in different Christian rites
– – Western Christian Churches (Old World)
– – Western Christian Churches Spain and Ibero-America
– – Eastern Christian Churches
– See also
Handsel Monday
Hogmanay
– Contents
– Origins
– Customs
– Presbyterian Influence
– Ne’erday
– Handsel Day
– Etymology
– References
HumanLight
Night of the Radishes
Posadas
– Contents
– Meaning
– Ritual
– Mexico
Purification of the Virgin
– Contents
– Date
– History
– Relation to non-Christian celebrations
– Traditions and superstitions
– References
Sol Invictus
– Contents
– Elagabalus
– Aurelian
– Constantine
– Sol Invictus and Christianity
– Notes
St. Stephen’s Day
– Contents
– Around the world
– – Ireland
– – Catalonia
– – Republika Srpska
– See also
Twelfth Night
– Contents
– Origins and history
– Traditions
– Influence on Literature
– Modern Esotericism
– See also
– References
Twelve Days of Christmas
– Contents
– Festival
– Christmas carol
– – Structure and lyrics
– – Symbolic interpretation
– – Standard variations
– – Parodies
– – Cost
– References
Twelve Holy Days
– See also
– References
Winterval
– Contents
– Birmingham controversy
– [edit] See also
Christmas music
– Contents
– List of Christmas songs
– – General Christmas songs
– – Best known by one particular artist
– – Not intended as a Christmas song
– Christmas albums
– – Christmas songs introduced in movies and other popular media
– French language Christmas songs
– German language Christmas songs
– Occitan language Christmas songs
– Swedish language Christmas songs
Christmas carol
– Media
– See also
List of Christmas carols
– Well known carols
– Popular Christmas songs that are not considered carols
Charity record
Christmas traditions
Advent calendar
– See also
Advent wreath
American Christmas traditions
– Contents
– Introduction
– Traditions
– – Christmas tree
– – Santa Claus
– – Nativity scene
– – Christmas card
– – Christmas carol
– – Christmas gift
– – Christmas lights
– – Television and movies
– See also
Ashen faggot
– See also
Christmas Bird Count
– Contents
– History
– Methods
– Participation
Bracebridge dinner
Bubble light
– Patents
Christmas card
– Contents
– History
– The Christmas card list
– Christmas letters
– Variants on the concept
– Charity
Carols by Candlelight
– Contents
– History
– Events
– Broadcast
Christmas cracker
– History
Christmas customs in Poland
– See also
Christmas customs in Romania
– See also
Christmas customs in the Philippines
– Contents
– Misa de Gallo (Dec. 16-24)
– Christmas Eve
– Christmas Day
– Niños Inocentes
– New Year’s Eve (Dec. 31)
– Three Kings (First Sunday of the year)
– Decorations
– – Parol
– – Belen
– Caroling
Christmas dinner
– Contents
– Christmas dinner around the world
– – Australia
– – Austria
– – Canada
– – Eastern Europe
– – Germany
– – Mexico
– – United Kingdom
– – United States
– References
Christmas tree
– Contents
– Dates
– Types of trees used
– – Natural trees
– – Artificial trees
– – – Feather trees
– – – Modern trees
– – – Designer trees
– – – Outdoor trees
– – – Other gimmicks
– – – Environmental issues
– Decoration and ornaments
– – Tree mats and skirts
– – Flocking
– History
– – Name controversy
– – Usage controversy
– See also
Christmas worldwide
– Contents
– Asia
– – India
– – Korea
– – Japan
– – People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Macao
– – Philippines
– – Republic of China (Taiwan)
– The Americas
– – Mexico
– – United States and Canada
– – South America
– Australia
– Europe
– – Central Europe
– – – Czech Republic
– – – Poland
– – – Slovakia
– – Eastern Europe
– – – Romania
– – – Russia
– – Northern Europe
– – – German-speaking areas of Europe
– – – Germany
– – – The Netherlands and Belgium
– – – Sweden
– – – Norway
– – – Finland
– – Southern Europe
– – Ireland
– – The UK
– Africa
– – Nigeria
– See also
Christmastime greetings
– Contents
– History
– – Merry / Happy Christmas
– References
– See also
Festival of Trees
Garland
German Christmas traditions
– Contents
– Introduction
– Tannenbaum
– St. Nicholas
– Food and drink
– Three Magi
– See also
Grand Illumination
– Trivia
– See also
Hanukkah bush
– Notes
Holiday Trail of Lights
Hollywood Christmas Parade
– History
– Grand Marshals
– Sources
Koleda
– See also
Koledari
Kucios
Christmas lights
– Contents
– History
– Types
– Sizes
– Sets
– Ornamentation
– Safety
– Outdoor displays
– Light sculptures
– Other holidays
– Trivia
Christmas Market
– See also
National Christmas Tree
– See also
Nativity scene
Nutcracker
– Decorative
– Functional
Christmas ornament
– Notes
– See also
Pagan beliefs surrounding Christmas
– Contents
– Jesus’ birth
– – Why do people celebrate Jesus’ birth on December 25?
– Traditions
– – Kissing under mistletoe
– – The Christmas tree
– – Yule log
– Bibliography
Pasterka
Christmas pickle
Pumpkin pie
Rich’s Great Tree
– See also
Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree
– See also
Royal Christmas Message
– Contents
– History
– Messages by year
– – The 1995 Christmas Message (BBC)
– – The 1996 Christmas Message (BBC)
– – The 1997 Christmas Message (ITN)
– – The 2001 Christmas Message (ITN)
– – The 2003 Christmas Message (ITN)
– – The 2004 Christmas Message (BBC)
– – – Reaction
– – The 2005 Christmas Message (ITN)
– Alternative Christmas message
– – List of Alternative Message Presenters
– – 2004 Alternative Message
– – 2005 Alternative Message
– Elsewhere
Santa Claus parade
– History
– Notable parades
– See also
Santa’s Grotto
Santon
Christmas stamp
– Contents
– History
– Designs
– Usage
– Collecting
– Other holiday stamps
– References
Christmas stocking
Striezelmarkt
– Contents
– – Features of today’s Striezelmarkt
– – Wooden Ornaments
– – Food and drink
Toronto Santa Claus Parade
Tree topper
Christmas village
Wassailing
– The Traditional Wassail Ceremony
Wigilia
License
GNU Free Documentation License
– GNU Free Documentation License
Index
– Christmas
About the author
– Nicolae Sfetcu
– – Contact
Publishing House
– MultiMedia Publishing

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