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A thermal transfer, more commonly called heat, is, along with work, one of the modes of internal energy exchange between two systems: it is a transfer of thermal energy that takes place outside thermodynamic equilibrium. There are three types of … Read More
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The ontological argument is an argument which aims to prove the existence of God. It is said to be ontological, because it bases its proof on the definition of what the being (ontos) of God is: it is in the … Read More
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Existentialism is a philosophical and literary current which considers that the human being forms the essence of his life through his own actions, which are not predetermined by theological, philosophical or moral doctrines. Existentialism considers each individual as a unique … Read More
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Social isolation (desocialization) implies a complete or almost complete lack of contact between an individual and society. This can be a problem for people of any age, although the symptoms may differ depending on the age group. (Khullar 2016) Social … Read More
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Empiricism designates a set of philosophical theories which make sensitive experience the origin of all knowledge or belief and of all aesthetic pleasure. Empiricism is opposed in particular to innatism and more generally to “nativist” rationalism for which we would … Read More
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Skepticism calls into question the validity of some or all of human knowledge. (The Free Dictionary 2020) It is a thread that goes through many philosophical discussions of epistemology. Moral skepticism holds that there is no knowledge of what is … Read More
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Biopower is a term coined by Michel Foucault, referring to the practice of modern nation-states by “an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations”. (Foucault 1990, 140) Foucault used the … Read More
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(Cosmology of Sumerian civilization.) Cosmology is the branch of astrophysics that studies the origin, nature, structure and evolution of the Universe. History of scientific cosmologies The scientific cosmology established at any given time depends directly on what we know about … Read More
(The philosopher in the book of estates from 1568) The philosophy of the Renaissance and Humanism as an epoch (approx. before 1400 to after 1600) is a section of the history of philosophy that can be viewed as a transition from the philosophy of the Middle … Read More
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The study of viruses raises pressing conceptual and philosophical questions about their nature, their classification, (O’Malley 2014, 45–94) (Mayr 1953) and their place within the biological world. A major set of problems concerns the individuality and diachronic identity of a … Read More
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