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(Neoclassical aesthetics is a paradigmatic example of idealistic art: The Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825) .) The idealism in art is an artistic approach that seeks faithful representation of reality (mimesis), to equal the artistic realism; but … Read More
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Book trade is an industry that deals with the production and sale of books , in particular printed works, e-books, and other forms of media also so-called non-books. The branch is divided into three branches or trade levels – the manufacturing book trade ( publishing book trade ) , book … Read More
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(Illustration of dualism by René Descartes. Sensory inputs are transmitted by the sensory organs to the pineal gland in the brain, then to the immaterial mind.) In philosophy, dualism is a strict view stating that the universe is made up … Read More
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Philosophical criticism The philosopher Louis Jugnet (1913-1973) summarized the philosophical criticism of scientism in three paragraphs: “Scientism is […] the imperialism of Laboratory Science over all areas of human thought and consciousness. It is an attitude that reigned over almost … Read More
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The dream argument is the assertion that the act of dreaming provides such intuitive evidence that it cannot be distinguished from that which our senses provide to us in the waking state, and that, for this reason, we cannot fully … Read More
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(Hiroshima) The ethics of science is concerned with the ethical aspects of scientific research. This relates both to ethical standards within the sciences and to the social impact of the research process. The research ethics deals with the ethical principles of research and the tension between research … Read More
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The equality of outcome (equality of results) is a concept of social justice that defends real equality achieved and proven in the field of human rights, both civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights . (In the novel Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the Dodo tells Alice … Read More
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Anti-speciesism is a current of philosophical and moral thought, formalized in the 1970s by Anglo-Saxon philosophers, who defend a revival of animalism, and consider that the species to which an animal belongs is not a relevant criterion to decide how … Read More
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The paper begins with a retrospective of the debates on the origin of life: the virus or the cell? The virus needs a cell for replication, instead the cell is a more evolved form on the evolutionary scale of life. … Read More
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Utilitarianism is a doctrine in political philosophy or social ethics that prescribes acting (or not acting) in such a way as to maximize collective welfare, understood as the sum or average of welfare (welfare aggregate) of all sentient and affected … Read More
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